See -en in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-in"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "-inn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -inn",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "-ᛁᚾᚨᛉ",
"4": "",
"tr": "*-inaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse -ᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*-inaz)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -en and Old Norse -inn, past participle ending of strong verbs, from Proto-Norse -ᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*-inaz), both from Proto-Germanic *-inaz, *-anaz (past participle ending of strong verbs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the past participle form when attached to a strong verb."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-enm:participial",
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:participial"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-an",
"id": "infinitival"
},
"expansion": "Old English -an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ian",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -an. Originally used with class 1 weak verbs in Old English, it was extended to class 2 weak verbs in many dialects and thus supplanted -ien (from Old English -ian); see that entry for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to -en",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-est",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-eden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "y-ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Norfolk",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the infinitive when attached to verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-enm:infinitival",
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:infinitival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"north West Midlands"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb plural"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-on"
},
"expansion": "Old English -on",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -on, -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the past indicative plural form of verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-kEqgacm2",
"links": [
[
"past",
"past#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the present and past subjunctive plural form of verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-Zm1yN08A",
"links": [
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 7 6 6 13 6 12 6 7 6 5 9 5 5 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes the present indicative plural form of certain verbs."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-NfAFpKFC",
"links": [
[
"indicative",
"indicative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"mostly unproductive"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"unproductive",
"in e.g. een and ousen"
],
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"unproductive",
"in e.g. een and ousen"
],
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"unproductive",
"in e.g. een and ousen"
],
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"unproductive",
"in e.g. ene and owsyn"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-an",
"id": "n-stem"
},
"expansion": "Old English -an",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -an, a plural and oblique case marker.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-n",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the plural form of weak nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-enm:noun_plural",
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:noun plural"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 6 6 13 6 12 6 7 6 5 9 5 5 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes the oblique cases and plural forms of weak adjectives."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-VCjyQBh-",
"links": [
[
"oblique case",
"oblique case#English"
],
[
"weak",
"weak#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) Denotes the oblique cases and plural forms of weak adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes the genitive or dative singular of certain nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-cA97GWfK",
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"genitive#English"
],
[
"dative",
"dative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English, rare) Denotes the genitive or dative singular of certain nouns."
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dative plural"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-an",
"id": "-um"
},
"expansion": "Old English -an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-um"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-um",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -an, later form of -um, from Proto-West Germanic *-um, from a conflation of several Proto-Germanic suffixes.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes the dative plural of nouns and adjectives."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-qoh5gm8o",
"links": [
[
"dative",
"dative#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English, uncommon) Denotes the dative plural of nouns and adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"morpheme",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes the dative singular of strong adjectives."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-i96D4k29",
"links": [
[
"dative",
"dative#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English, very rare) Denotes the dative singular of strong adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-in"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjectival"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en",
"4": "",
"5": "characteristic of; made of"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en (“characteristic of; made of”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -en (“characteristic of; made of”), from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ene",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-in",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-on",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Attached to a noun to form an adjective describing something as characteristic of, like, or pertaining to that noun."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-Hp2Zs0J3",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "almaunden"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "aspen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "asshen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "attern"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "bechen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "birchen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "brasen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "cleyen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "copren"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "elmen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "erden"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "erthen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "flaxen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "gilden"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "glasen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "golden"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "haselen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "holinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "leden"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "letheren"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "linden"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "lynnen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "mapelyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "oken"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "rochen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "selken"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "stenen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "stonen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "strawen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "sylveren"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "treen"
},
{
"_dis1": "43 57",
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "wollen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Attached to a noun that denotes a material to form an adjective describing something as made of that material."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-enm:made_of",
"links": [
[
"material",
"material#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:made of"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -en.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes a diminutive form of a noun."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-enm:diminutive",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 8,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -en.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes a female form of a small, fixed number of nouns."
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-enm:feminine",
"links": [
[
"female",
"female#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:feminine"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 9,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ene"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ene"
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-enm:genitive_plural",
"links": [
[
"-ene",
"-ene#Middle_English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:genitive plural"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"etymology_number": 10,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-enen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -enen"
],
"id": "en--en-enm-suffix-hDd3w89s",
"links": [
[
"-enen",
"-enen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Norse",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-in"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "-inn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse -inn",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmq-pro",
"3": "-ᛁᚾᚨᛉ",
"4": "",
"tr": "*-inaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse -ᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*-inaz)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-inaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-inaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -en and Old Norse -inn, past participle ending of strong verbs, from Proto-Norse -ᛁᚾᚨᛉ (*-inaz), both from Proto-Germanic *-inaz, *-anaz (past participle ending of strong verbs).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the past participle form when attached to a strong verb."
],
"links": [
[
"past participle",
"past participle#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:participial"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English weak verbs",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"under Chaucerian influence"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-an",
"id": "infinitival"
},
"expansion": "Old English -an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "-ian"
},
"expansion": "Old English -ian",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -an. Originally used with class 1 weak verbs in Old English, it was extended to class 2 weak verbs in many dialects and thus supplanted -ien (from Old English -ian); see that entry for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "enm-conj-wk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "to -en",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-est",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-edest",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-eth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-en",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-eden",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ede",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-eth",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ynge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "y-ed",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Norfolk",
"especially"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"name": "enm-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the infinitive when attached to verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"infinitive",
"infinitive#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:infinitival"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"north West Midlands"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "-en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb plural"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-on"
},
"expansion": "Old English -on",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -on, -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the past indicative plural form of verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"past",
"past#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the present and past subjunctive plural form of verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"present",
"present#English"
],
[
"subjunctive",
"subjunctive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the present indicative plural form of certain verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"indicative",
"indicative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English inflectional suffixes",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"mostly unproductive"
],
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"unproductive",
"in e.g. een and ousen"
],
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"unproductive",
"in e.g. een and ousen"
],
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-n"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"raw_tags": [
"unproductive",
"in e.g. een and ousen"
],
"word": "-en"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"raw_tags": [
"unproductive",
"in e.g. ene and owsyn"
],
"word": "-in"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-an",
"id": "n-stem"
},
"expansion": "Old English -an",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -an, a plural and oblique case marker.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-n",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes the plural form of weak nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:noun plural"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English"
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes the oblique cases and plural forms of weak adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"oblique case",
"oblique case#English"
],
[
"weak",
"weak#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English) Denotes the oblique cases and plural forms of weak adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English rare terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes the genitive or dative singular of certain nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"genitive",
"genitive#English"
],
[
"dative",
"dative#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English, rare) Denotes the genitive or dative singular of certain nouns."
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English inflectional suffixes",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "dative plural"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-an",
"id": "-um"
},
"expansion": "Old English -an",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*-um"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-um",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -an, later form of -um, from Proto-West Germanic *-um, from a conflation of several Proto-Germanic suffixes.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-e",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English uncommon terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes the dative plural of nouns and adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"dative",
"dative#English"
],
[
"plural",
"plural#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English, uncommon) Denotes the dative plural of nouns and adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"morpheme",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Early Middle English",
"Middle English rare terms"
],
"glosses": [
"Denotes the dative singular of strong adjectives."
],
"links": [
[
"dative",
"dative#English"
],
[
"singular",
"singular#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Middle English, very rare) Denotes the dative singular of strong adjectives."
],
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English",
"morpheme",
"rare"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "almaunden"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "aspen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "asshen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "attern"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "bechen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "birchen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "brasen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "cleyen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "copren"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "elmen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "erden"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "erthen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "flaxen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "gilden"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "glasen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "golden"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "haselen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "holinen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "leden"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "letheren"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "linden"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "lynnen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "mapelyn"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "oken"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "rochen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "selken"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "stenen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "stonen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "strawen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "sylveren"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "treen"
},
{
"sense": "Adjectives formed with -en denoting materials",
"word": "wollen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-en"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "-in"
}
],
"etymology_number": 6,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adjectival"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en",
"4": "",
"5": "characteristic of; made of"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en (“characteristic of; made of”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-īnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-īnaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -en (“characteristic of; made of”), from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ene",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-in",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-on",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-yn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Attached to a noun to form an adjective describing something as characteristic of, like, or pertaining to that noun."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Attached to a noun that denotes a material to form an adjective describing something as made of that material."
],
"links": [
[
"material",
"material#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:made of"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English noun-forming suffixes",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 7,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -en.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes a diminutive form of a noun."
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:diminutive"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English noun-forming suffixes",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "-en"
}
],
"etymology_number": 8,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "-en"
},
"expansion": "Old English -en",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English -en.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Denotes a female form of a small, fixed number of nouns."
],
"links": [
[
"female",
"female#English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:feminine"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 9,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ene"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -ene"
],
"links": [
[
"-ene",
"-ene#Middle_English"
]
],
"senseid": [
"enm:genitive plural"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Yucatec Maya entries with incorrect language header",
"Yucatec Maya lemmas",
"Yucatec Maya suffixes"
],
"etymology_number": 10,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "-en",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-enen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of -enen"
],
"links": [
[
"-enen",
"-enen#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-en"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -en meaning in Middle English (20.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (e97c820 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.